Mozart Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Mozart Argumentative Essay The old style time frame created more instrumental than vocal music, a riches ofserious and comic shows just as vocal strict music likewise showed up duringthis time(Ferris, 231). Outstanding amongst other author of this time was WolfgangAmadeus Mozart. In this paper I will experience his youth, his companions andfamily, and obviously his music. Appreciate!!! Offspring of the Enlightenment The worldthat Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart entered ceremoniously in 1756 was overflowing inchange. Students of history allude to this period as the Age of Enlightenment, one ofunparalleled logical, philosophical, and political age. Inside Mozartslifetime it set moving powers that would on a very basic level modify life inhis local, Salzburg, yet in addition around the world. The Enlightenment was not, tobe sure, a law based development. In France, the absolutism of the Sun King, LouisXIV, proceeded under Louis XV and XVI. However, in Austria, Empress Maria Theresaintroduced a more noteworthy proportion of resistance and opportunity among her subjects, layinga establishment for the fair upheavals that followed. Wolfgangs fatherLeopold originated from a group of Augsburg bookbinders. He got a strong Jesuiteducation, more scholarly than outreaching following a year at the BenedictineUniversity in close by Salzburg; Leopold quit going to classes to seek after acareer as an artist. Leopold figured as Mozarts most significant firstmodel. He showed his child the clavichord and composition(Mercardo 763). Wolfgangs mother Anna-Maria brought as much ability to her 32-year marriage asdid Leopold. In spite of the fact that denied of proper instruction, she was exceptionally intelligentand savvy characteristics that pulled in the calm and saved Leopold. Just two of their seven kids endure earliest stages. Wolfgangs musicallytalented sister Nannerl was five years more established. However in this work of art, the 12-year-old resembles an old maid of seventycomplete with maturing twofold jawline. Wolfgang, as well, looks far more seasoned than his 7 years, and controls the activity fromhis place at its inside. The Child Prodigy Indeed, Mozart denotes the start ofthe Western interest with the youngster wonder. Wearing the happy outfitgiven Wolfgang in 1762 by the Empress Maria Theresa, this kid of not exactly sevenyears old looks, for all the world, similar to a smaller than normal grown-up who has simplyskipped youth. Mozart was acutely mindful of his uncommon capacity, whichhad been encouraged and rutted in him by his dad from a very earlyage(Schroter). Other nineteenth-century craftsmen representedWolfgangvariously said to be somewhere in the range of 11 to 14 as a wavy bolted heavenly attendant. For them, by what other method could the heavenly music that spilled out of a kid size bodybe clarified? The romanticizing of Mozarts virtuoso was finished by the end ofthe nineteenth century. Mozart creates with his violin in one hand and musichas showed up wonderfully on his substitute the other. The message isunmistakable: Mortals use plumes, Mozart just wills(Solomon) On the RoadThe impulse to take his two wonders out and about demonstrated powerful toLeopold, who accepted sole accountability for Mozarts training. Between 1762and 1766, the Mozarts showed up at pretty much every significant court in Europe. Wolfgangdazzled crowds with his capacity to peruse troublesome music at sight and toimprovise. In London, as somewhere else, the Mozarts fraternized with the leadingmusicians. Presumably the most significant of these was Johann Christian Bach, theyoungest child of Johann Sebastian. It is no mishap that Mozarts earlysymphonies, formed in London, are frequently elaborately undefi ned fromthose of J. C. Bach. At the point when Mozart was 13, his ability as a console player,violinist, improviser, and author were at that point unbelievable. At the point when Mozart was21 he composed Paris Symphony, N31 while he was in Paris searching for a musicposition. He was altogether disenthralled with the French and theirmusic(Internet). From 1768 to 1775, between remains in Salzburg, he and Leopoldmade three further attacks to Italy and Germany. Wolfgang developed from a prodigyinto a genuine writer. Open Successes A self-assured Mozart guaranteed hisfather in 1782 that he would have the option to help a spouse and family in Vienna, Asa result which he called Clavierland. Of its prior pulverization, thedominant engineering style in Vienna is Baroque, helped during the 1700s by aninflux of Italian artists, plaster laborers, and painters. The dominantarchitect and engineering history specialist was Italian-prepared Johann Fischer vonErlach(1656-1723), whose thickly adorned structures despite everything stand apart today. Free Romeo and Juliets - Tragic Hero Romeo J EssayPiano Concerto: One of the open types of instrumental music developed byMozart in Vienna. Mozart can, for every reasonable object, be credited with theinvention of the Classical piano concerto. Antonio Salieri: Italian composer(1750-1825) who burned through the greater part of his vocation in Vienna and got one of its mostinfluential artists. So affectionate was the ruler, Joseph II, of Salieri that hebecame known as the melodic pope. Salieri was above all else an operacomposer, however an extensively less imaginative one than Mozart. Both Ludwig vanBeethoven and Franz Schubert concentrated with Salieri. Joseph Haydn: Austriancomposer (1732-1809) whose eighteenth-century notoriety obscured that of Mozart. In contrast to Mozart, Haydn was a moderately slow developer, making generally out of hisimportant music after the age of 35 (at which age Mozart was dead). Haydn playeda fundamental job in the advancement of the ensemble and the string group of four. Hisfriendship with Mozart from ca. 1781 on was vital to the melodic developmentof the two writers. Rundown: The world that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart enteredunceremoniously in 1756 was inundated with change. History specialists allude to this period as theAge of Enlightenment. For sure, Mozart denotes the start of the Westernfascination with the kid wonder. The admiration of Mozarts virtuoso wascomplete before the finish of the nineteenth century. Somewhere in the range of 1762 and 1766, theMozarts showed up at pretty much every significant court in Europe. Wolfgang dazzledaudiences with his capacity to peruse troublesome music at sight and to improviseFour of his operasThe Abduction from the Seraglio(1782), The Marriage ofFigaro(1786), Do n Giovanni(1787), and Cos fan tutte(1790) were debuted orperformed in the esteemed Burgtheater. At that point Mozart met Haydn; we don't knowthe event on which Mozart previously experienced Joseph Haydn. In Haydn, he notonly found a writer whose accomplishments were on a level with his own, yet awarm and thoughtful companion in whom he could trust. In the harvest time of 1791,Mozarts wellbeing turned out to be continuously more regrettable. He kicked the bucket on December 5, 1791, andwas covered in a homeless people grave. Life stories

The Beauty of Language Essay -- Personal Reflection Essay

Your heart can't be essentially characterized as an anatomical organ. In spite of the fact that it capacities to siphon blood all through the body, the genuine quintessence of the heart is a lot further than science. The genuine pith of the heart lies some place inside the boundless domain of workmanship; submersed in the enthusiasm that goes through your veins, it beasts urgently to be respected. My heart is loaded up with an adoration for composing. Other than writing to finish undertakings and assignments, I write to uncover the magnificence of language. This excellence, made essentially with words, which means, and accentuation, is one that is interestingly created by its creator. I, in the same way as other scholars, have realized what it intends to genuinely make a bit of work. Prior to entering school, I had gotten acquainted with thinking of one draft expositions. I never valued or comprehended the requirement for various drafts and companion audit. Strikingly enough, in my Introduction to Rhetoric course with Dr. Mary Lamb, we talked about the distinction between one-drafters and multi-drafters. One-drafters, as the name may suggest, normally complete composing undertakings in a single shot. They change and alter during the creative cycle and as a rule believe their work to be finished; multi-drafters, then again, compose different drafts of their work and are persistently amending. As I have scholarly, neither one of the writings style is fundamentally superior to other. This is on the grounds that the two kinds of journalists are effectively considering approaches to better their work, regardless of whether it is by remedying syntactic blunders or makin g new thoughts. Obviously, I was a committed one-drafter, yet for a portion of an inappropriate reasons. I was constantly persuaded that my first draft was forever my best work. This was for the most part since I did most of my modifying and altering while at the same time composing (as I am doing ... ...elpful beginning to building my expert composing profession. With every one of these ventures, I was given probably a few, and by and large, a great deal of adaptability to be inventive. I took in the elements of various kinds of archives and crowds. I presently acknowledge and comprehend the essentialness of reevaluating my work and permitting change. I realize that there is consistently opportunity to get better as each essayist takes a stab at a flawlessness. Since entering school I have certainly seen my development as an author. I see how words, punctuation and use each have an impact in the importance of language. In any case, as I keep on composing, I know now that the genuine substance of composing originates from the heart. The energy guides language; despite the fact that the cerebrum permits us to work, the heart keeps us alive; and my heart while everlastingly be loaded up with an adoration for composing.

Leo tolstoy-a great humanist essays

Leo tolstoy-an incredible humanist expositions Leo Tolstoy was an incredible humanist. Development of human character was a subject of his The primary personage of the story The Death of Ivan Ilyich is common authority who lead his life as indicated by an exacting social code, never going astray based on what was rule d by society, by his pleasure, by materialistic intentions, yet never by still, small voice. His contact with his significant other and kids was constrained and shallow since he didn't discover delight in this. His life fulfilled him when he was sound, however when he confronted with demise his forlornness overpowered him. After the mishap which begins his long kicking the bucket Ivan Ilyich understood that his life, however he has been fruitful and has consistently done the appropriate things, is all bogus. He comprehended that his life was pointless. As his disease advanced, Ivan Ilyich felt progressively the should be cherished. Just before demise he recognized what genuine inclination is. Ivan Ilyich had genuine compassion and sympathy from laborer His ethical hopelessness was more awful than physical. The consequence of this was Ivan Ilyich in passing on turned into the person that he never was in his commonplace life. He comprehended that his idea about his not too bad and support was simply deception. He felt as though he were being pressed down into a dark opening and there at the base was light. This analogy serves as picture of physical demise and profound resurrection. His passing brought forth new awareness. He out of nowhere apparent that man's basic life has a place with the soul and prosperity is accomplished through cherishing of individuals. He approached absolution of his family for his wrongdoings and invited passing... This ethical change makes genuine finish of his unbelievable As a moralist Tolstoy might want to play consideration of Russian scholarly people how seriously they live, how they squander their gifts, qualities, and capacities. He approached moral ... <!

Dictatorship Definition Essay Example for Free

Tyranny Definition Essay Tyranny as a type of government isn't new. It was a perceived organization in the republican Rome where typically the authority of government was vested in two presidents called Consuls. In the midst of crisis the Romans used to delegate a Director to override the Consuls, conceding him preeminent forces to meet the emergency. In any case, Roman autocracy was a brief catalyst to meet an emergency and was disposed of when the emergency was past. Also, the despot was chosen by a lawful procedure with the commitment to present his utilization of capacity to the investigation of the changeless position. The Roman autocracy was, in this manner, â€Å"a protected gadget under which the constitution was suspended during a grave emergency of the State. This portrayal of autocracy doesn't make a difference to the modem tyrants of previous Soviet Russia, Italy, Germany and some different nations. Modem tyrants are not chosen by a legitimate procedure for a restricted timeframe so as to control the State through a national crisis. They come into power because of an overthrow d’etat. Power is the model of their political position and they stay in power insofar as power can hold them. They are capable to no authority but to themselves. The entire authority of the State is vested in one distinct individual and he represents the State. A few scholars are of the conclusion that the Russian autocracy was the fascism of a gathering while in Germany and Italy it was the tyranny of people. Be that as it may, Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy were additionally the standard of a gathering, however they stayed all through eclipsed by a solitary character similarly as Bolshevism was in the times of Lenin and Stalin. Till yesterday, Khrushchev’s character posed a potential threat on the political skyline. Truth be told, no legislature, as Maclver has appeared, is ever quite the hands of a solitary person. On the off chance that there is a solitary apparently incomparable ruler, he unavoidably lays his capacity on the dynamic help of a related class. He controls to its greatest advantage no not exactly with its participation. He about consistently has a chamber of guides who speak to that class. Hitler and Mussolini were pioneers of the Nazi and Fascist gatherings. They chose their pastors from the positions of their own gatherings so as to seek after the parts of the bargains parties. There is, in like manner, no contrast between the Russian sort of autocracy and that of Central European nations. On the off chance that there was any, it was just one of degree instead of kind. In USSR it was actually a triple dictatorshipâ€that of the Communist Party as respects the mass of residents, that of the inward gathering as respects the remainder of the Party, and that of the pioneer as respects internal gathering, party and the country.

Analytical View Of James Joyces Araby Essays - Araby, James Joyce

Logical View Of James Joyces' Araby Essays - Araby, James Joyce Logical View Of James Joyces' Araby # Goldstein ## Sara Goldstein Ernst Account Fiction 22 October 2000 An Analytical View of Araby Perspectives from which stories are composed are utilized to upgrade the general point a story is making. James Joyces Araby is no exemption. Described by a little youngster of around twelve or thirteen, it portrays his own transitioning. The use of a first individual portrayal permits the peruser to see things the manner in which the kid sees them; be as honest and thoughtful as he may be, along these lines feeling the unimaginable force of his inevitable acknowledgment. Notwithstanding this transitioning topic, unpredictably woven all through are insights to Joyces derisive perspective on Roman Catholicism, just as numerous scriptural suggestions. Araby happens when the new century rolled over in Dublin, Ireland. Right now in history the Catholic Church had an extraordinary hang on the nation. James Joyce held a huge abhorrence for the Roman Catholic Church and the strains it set forth, anyway these were not emotions that could be shared transparently. Rather Joyce expounded on them in a representative design, utilizing his composition as an instrument to stand up. The initial section of this story sets it up as one that will do only that. He states, ...it was a peaceful road aside from at the hour when the Christian Brothers School set the young men free, proposing that their religion had detained them. The previous inhabitant of the young men house, an altruistic cleric, had kicked the bucket inside and left his cash to foundations and his furniture to his sister. This could be an emblematic reference to the fall of Roman Catholicism; his home being the nation of Ireland, the cleric being the religion. It is likewise intrigu ing to take note of that the minister passed on with a great deal of cash essentially a conflicting circumstance (however the storyteller neglects to scrutinize this because of his naivet. How might a cleric end up with such a lot of cash? This is a potential cut at the fraud and unscrupulousness of the congregation. Religion, all in all comes up emblematically commonly all through the story. Joyce makes evident reference to the Garden of Eden while portraying the wild nursery behind the house [which] contained a focal apple tree. This is a corresponding to a notable go wrong, as the kid will before long understanding. What's more, about all the young men contemplations of his quiet adoration can be distinguished as strict references. A significant number of them happen to be sexual wants smothered by religion. The young lady is definitely utilized as a portrayal of the Virgin Mary. One night, before the bazaar, the kid keeps an eye out the window the earthy colored clad figure cast by my creative mind, contacted circumspectly by the lamplight at the bended neck, at the hand upon the railings and at the outskirt beneath the dress. All the more explicitly, when the uncle has not yet come back to take the kid to the bazaar, the auntie proposes that he put off the bazaar during the current night of our master. This late evening being Saturday, the administration which is committed to reverence of Virgin Mary-kind of what he is doing by going to Araby for the young lady. It is likewise intriguing to take note of that there are on numerous occasions when he alludes to his fascination in strict terms, for example, her name coming to him in supplication, or her words playing him as though he were a harp. Because of solid strict commitments, sexuality was incredibly quelled during the hour of this story. This thought was distinctively portrayed in the section which expresses All my faculties appeared to want to cover themselves and, feeling that I was going to slip from them, I squeezed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, mumbling O love! O love! ordinarily. The exceptional sexual suggestions of this entry are obvious. It delineates the young men disarray of religion and sexuality. An all the more straight forward case of sexual topics happens when the young lady and kid really talk. Her commitments to her religion (the retreat) abrogate her progressively sexual wants, while she discharges her apprehensive sexual pressure through spinning her silver wristband around her arm. Moreover, the kid appears to make a sexual picture of the young lady

iOS Update Play Presentations on iPhone iPad - Focus

iOS Update Play Presentations on iPhone iPad - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2013. For up-to-date information on our MindMeister iOS apps, please visit mindmeister.com/apps Weve just released another update to our iPhone and iPad apps. A Spanish translation has been added along with some bug fixes, but for us, the stand-out feature is the new ability to play presentations from MindMeister for iPhone and iPad. Take your presentations on the go and wow your audience wherever you may be. Your slides will be delivered exactly as they appear on the web version with all styles, themes, and transitions intact. Furthermore, no internet connection is required when using MindMeister on your iPhone or iPad, as your mind maps are automatically synced to the device. Whats  more, you can easily connect your device to an LCD monitor or projector, using either a cable or through Apple TV, meaning MindMeister can be your number one presentation tool for any occasion e.g. visiting customers, in school, in the library, at work etc. Download MindMeister for iPhone and iPad Get App its free! Get App iOS Update Play Presentations on iPhone iPad - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2013. For up-to-date information on our MindMeister iOS apps, please visit mindmeister.com/apps Weve just released another update to our iPhone and iPad apps. A Spanish translation has been added along with some bug fixes, but for us, the stand-out feature is the new ability to play presentations from MindMeister for iPhone and iPad. Take your presentations on the go and wow your audience wherever you may be. Your slides will be delivered exactly as they appear on the web version with all styles, themes, and transitions intact. Furthermore, no internet connection is required when using MindMeister on your iPhone or iPad, as your mind maps are automatically synced to the device. Whats  more, you can easily connect your device to an LCD monitor or projector, using either a cable or through Apple TV, meaning MindMeister can be your number one presentation tool for any occasion e.g. visiting customers, in school, in the library, at work etc. Download MindMeister for iPhone and iPad Get App its free! Get App

How Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and impacted decision enter the World War II - Free Essay Example

The Pearl Harbor is remained important to this day. On Sunday, December 7,1984 Japan made a surprise attack on the US Marine Base in Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu Hawaii which made United States enter to the World War II, but was it a really surprise for USA? How secret is a secret in a country where years of censorship have trained an analytical, alert population in the discreet whisper and the fine art of putting two and two together? And how secret is secret when ones ideas are no longer exclusively ones own? (Prange, At Dawn We Slept, Range 30).. Pearl Harbor made gave the producers ideas to make movies about this event. There are currently fifteen movies that made about Pearl Harbor. There is also a lot of written books about Pearl Harbor one of them is called Embracing Defeat. Japan in the Wake of World War II written by John Dower. He is a History professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This book covers the history of Japan when USA military left Japan and it also covers Emperor Hirohitos speech to his people on August 15, 1945 until 1952.The United States saw a good opportunity to recreate Japan with their own democratic image, but the problem was Japanese people follow their tradition, so this wouldnt be an easy task for United States. In his book he quotes that some sense of the Japanese experience of defeat by focusing on social and cultural developmentsat levels of society. In this quote he is talking about after the War. His portrayal of the towns that bomb out Tokyo provides a touching evidence of weaken condition that many Japanese people found themselves at the War in the end. Japan were keep expanding their country and had to make a big decision to go to war with United States or not? United States hadnt entered the war because they were still heeling depression from First World War, however they still had the strongest naval force, it means that Japan were strong as United States. As the time flies America wanted to join the war. United States always entered the war late. They applied the same rule on World War II. One of the reasons why things led to the attack was the tension between United States and Japan was increasing. Japan wanted to make Asia under one flag. Hiroto was a militaristic person. He wanted to make imperialize of Asian. Japan joined triple Alliance with Italy and Germany. The attack on Pearl Harbor was planned out good by the Japanese, due to American ships were in the port in December 7, 1941 and where each ship was located. The time of the Japanese soldiers advanced in two separate forces. The attack made up over three hundred Japanese planes all six of Japans first line aircraft carriers. The USA code for intelligence was called Magic. The United State military made excellent progress in Japans military codes by 1941 which was Ultra this code was also used by British Military signals, which they exchanged it with United States. Since the early 1920s America had been spied on Japanese government communications. Roosevelts military leaders called a splendid arrangement (Stinnett 60). President Roosevelt is not the one to blame. The army was responsible for the inshore air patrol and the installation of a radar net, and the Navy for inshore ship patrols for reconnaissance (Wohlsletter 5) Pearl Harbor has been compared to other events of the history. One of them is Hiroshima and another one is Nagasaki. These bombs made it look similar because these bombs were all is fair in love and war means that what country can or cannot do at the war to win. The people are still arguing to this day that Japanese did not deserve this violence. Especially women and children. Pearl Harbor shows that United States and Japanese had bad relations, because Japanese attack was in preparation. United states were already started banning immigration from Japan and angering Japanese people even further and Japanese only wanted one thing, and which was destroy the United States. U.S and Japanese diplomats were discussing about war efforts and bomb preparations, made sneaky attack to Japanese aircrafts to launch, but soon they regretted for their actions. Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto stated I fear I will awaken a sleeping giant (Santella 10). Means that United States have been waiting to make move to Japanese and Pearl Harbor attack proved it that they were right. I believe that whole bombing in Hawaii was to warn USA to mind their business and stay out their war with specific Asia. I believe that they entered the war just to punish Japanese for Pearl Harbor. After Pearl Harbor USA decided not to trade with Japan. United States stopped with the oil and rubber, it really affected Japan, and they needed war tanks, ships and airplanes (Santella 13). The United States did their best to sabotage Japanese war.

An Interview With Joy Ladin - 896 Words

What does it mean to express ourselves as women? Gender shapes our interpretation of what it is to be at home within ourselves. As James Baldwin eloquently reminded us, â€Å"The world’s definitions are one thing, and the lives one actually lives is quite another† (Baldwin, ). How can we be sure of the complex nature of our gender identities and gender expression, be genuine, when we have been socialized into looking at the world through the lens of a binary gender system since we were born? It seems to me that the definition and expression of womanhood are constantly evolving, and that is good news. My Biological sex is female, my gender identity is female, but is my gender expression what I am starting to question. It was after I read Janet Mock’s book and I listened to an interview with Joy Ladin that I became aware of the similarities transgender women undertake in their process to come out, and my own process of redefining the expression of the woman that I am. I feel that the coming out of transgender people is encouraging us, especially women, to deeply question our woman expression. Trans-women like Joy Ladin and Janet Mock are raising a new conversation about gender identity and gender expression†¦.. The journey of transgender people is one that escape from the gender binary system. This is precisely what is adding creativity and a new dimensionality to the concept of gender and, personally, is magically forcing me to stay in a space that is between definitions and new

Geography and History of the Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is not a continuous wall but is a collection of short walls that often follow the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. The Great Wall of China, known as long Wall of 10,000 Li in China, extends about 8,850 kilometers (5,500 miles). Building the Great Wall of China A first set of walls, designed to keep Mongol nomads out of China, were built of earth and stones in wood frames during the Qin Dynasty (221 to 206 BCE). Some additions and modifications were made to these simple walls over the next millennium but the major construction of the modern walls began in the Ming Dynasty (1388 to 1644 CE). The Ming fortifications were established in new areas from the Qin walls. They were up to 25 feet (7.6 meters) high, 15 to 30 feet (4.6 to 9.1 meters) wide at the base, and from 9 to 12 feet (2.7 to 3.7 meters) wide at the top (wide enough for marching troops or wagons). At regular intervals, guard stations and watch towers were established. Since the Great Wall was discontinuous, Mongol invaders had no trouble breaching the wall by going around it, so the wall proved unsuccessful and was eventually abandoned. Additionally, a policy of mollification during the subsequent Ching Dynasty that sought to pacify the Mongol leaders through religious conversion also helped to limit the need for the Great Wall. Through Western contact with China from the 17th through 20th centuries, the legend of the Great Wall of China grew along with tourism to the wall. Restoration and rebuilding took place in the 20th century and in 1987 the Great Wall of China was made a World Heritage Site. Today, a portion of the Great Wall of China, about 50 miles (80 km) from Beijing, receives thousands of tourists each day. Can You See It From Outer Space or the Moon? For some reason, some urban legends tend to get started and never disappear. Many are familiar with the claim that the Great Wall of China is the only man-made object visible from space or from the moon with the naked eye. This is simply not true. The myth of being able to see the Great Wall from space originated in Richard Halliburtons 1938 (long before humans saw the Earth from space) book Second Book of Marvels said that the Great Wall of China is the only man-made object visible from the moon. From a low orbit of the Earth, many artificial objects are visible, such as highways, ships in the sea, railroads, cities, fields of crops, and even some individual buildings. While at a low orbit, the Great Wall of China can certainly be seen from space, it is not unique in that regard. However, when leaving the Earths orbit and acquiring an altitude of more than a few thousand miles, no man-made objects are visible at all. NASA says, The Great Wall can barely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be possible to see it from the Moon with the naked eye. Thus, it would be tough to spot the Great Wall of China or any other object from the moon. Furthermore, from the moon, even the continents are barely visible. Regarding the origination of the story, Straight Dopes pundit Cecil Adams says, Nobody knows exactly where the story got started, although some think it was speculation by some bigshot during an after-dinner speech in the early days of the space program. NASA astronaut Alan Bean is quoted in Tom Burnams book More Misinformation... The only thing you can see from the moon is a beautiful sphere, mostly white (clouds), some blue (ocean), patches of yellow (deserts), and every once in a while some green vegetation. No man-made object is visible on this scale. In fact, when first leaving earths orbit and only a few thousand miles away, no man-made object is visible at that point either.

U.s. Health Care System Essay - 1834 Words

When I received a suggestion from the editor of a magazine to write an article about U.S. health-care system, this legendary opening line from Tolstoy’s novel, Anna Karenina, popped into my head. If countries were families judging each other’s health-care systems, none is truly happy. But U.S. arguably stands out by far as the unhappiest of all, and in its own way. These fast, eye-popping figures below can readily be used to support the above argument. Be mindful of the figures that can vary from different official statistics, but it’s the trends in development that may offer more insights than anything else. i. U.S. spending on health care has reached $3.0 trillion or $9,523 per person. And it accounted for 18.2 % of GDP based on the Altarum Institute April 2015 figure, compared to OECD countries average at 9%. ii. However, Life expectancy, measured by total population at birth for U.S., is at 78.8 years vs. OECD average 80.6 years according to the latest 2014 OECD official data. iii. 33 million people, or 10.4 percent of the American population, are uninsured (2014 figure from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the Census, Sept 16, 2015). iv. The United States has 5% of the world’s population and consumes 75% of the world’s prescription drugs, according to World Drug Report 2011. v. Most of all, if you haven’t heard, â€Å"unhappy wife equals unhappy life†, nearly one in four women ages 50 to 64 were found to be on an antidepressant (CBS NEWS June 20, 2013, Study).Show MoreRelatedU.s. Health Care System1329 Words   |  6 PagesContrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Compare and Contrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Shaquita Jefferson MHA 620 Dr. Rhonda C. Hatfield August 10, 2015 The Canadian system is often considered the model for the U.S. health care system. Both countries health care systems are very different-Canada has a single-payer, mostly publicly-funded system, while the U.S. has a multi-payer, profoundly private system but both countries appear to be similar and suggesting that it might be possible that the U.S. toRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy (â€Å"Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States,† 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into theirRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"fixâ₠¬  the U.S. health care system that is supposedly the best in the world? At the time of this program, the U.S. was 37th in the world in terms of fairness and quality (Palfreman, 2008). Other rich countries were ahead of this U.S. in this ranking but were spending a lot less. Frontline’s reporter, T.R. Reid traveled to 5 different countries to examine their health care systems on how this was possible and hopefully come away with any ideas that could potentially help with the U.S. health care systemRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1539 Words   |  7 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges that indicate that the people urgently need to be reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency ofRead MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is the real and perceived performance of the U.S. health care system? Are the views different among patients, providers, payers, and policy makers? Why or why not? According to Kovner and Knickman (2011), acutely ill patients within the country may hold a positive view of the country’s healthcare system, as the U.S. is scientifically and technology advanced in treating life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Overall quality of healthcare performance, however, is lacking (Kovner Read MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is way more complex than what meets the eye. A major difference between the health care system in the U.S. and other nations, is that the U.S. does not have universal health care. Lack of a universal health care opens up the doors for competition amongst insurance, physicians, technology, hospitals and outpatient services. Health care insurance in the U.S. is extremely competitive and not always fair. Recently in 2012, The Affordable Care Act passed by Barack Obama setRead MoreU.s. Health Care System2431 Words   |  10 PagesU.S. Healthcare System On March 23, 2010, the President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which represents the most significant regulatory that impacts the U.S. healthcare systems. With PPACA, 32 millions of Americans are expected the coverage and expanded access to health care and medical care. Due to the baby boomers and the downfall of the economics, there will be millions of people are seeking for low rates medical care which will create great impact on URead MoreU.s. Health Care System1142 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction U.S. Health Care System Health care systems are organizations that are formed to meet the overall health needs of the population. Health care is regarded as one of the leading cause in promoting not only physical and mental health but the well-being of the population. Legislation is implemented requiring government to offer services to all members of its society. The role of health services and the organizations that provide aid is to focus on the health of an individual and to upholdRead MoreThe U.s. Health Care System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Health Care System is very unique; it is mostly based on cultural, social and economic factors. Within the system exists various subsystems of several interrelated and interdependent components. During the process of birthing a Health Care Delivery System, the ultimate goal is to provide a cost effective universal access to all in need. When it comes to the U.S. Health Care Delivery System, compare to other developed countries that are under National Healt h Insurance programs; the U.S. althoughRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. health care system consumes a huge amount of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and is a massive system that provides essential and world-class care to millions of people (Niles, 2016). As a result of this huge burden of cost associated with it, the U.S. healthcare system has been critiqued, and has played a major role in sparking debates about changes to the way the U.S. healthcare system is run and organized. Thus, healthcare has been on the forefront of many American and politician minds

The Comic Book Maus - 1662 Words

In the comic book Maus, Art Spiegelman shows the readers what people endured during the Holocaust terror. Art mostly spoke about persons of Jewish descent. He utilized great imagery, and characteristics to allow readers to get a mental image and painting of the immense pain and suffering Jews endured during the Holocaust. His use of symbolism of mice and cats helped to show how Jews were just pawns, and experimental factors to Germans. Art allows for the reader to see how terrifying and horrific it was for Jews to live through the senseless racism, and harsh living conditions. These camps were like a living hell, full of deceit, hate, guilt, and survival of the fittest. If one were to read Maus , and fully look at the words , and paint these pictures they would noticed how the Holocaust just wasn’t a tragic period of time , but it had a lasting mental effect on any individual who survived those terrors. Throughout Maus, it was vividly painted how awful it was to kill so many innocent lives, and treat them like animals, and second class citizens. This is why Spiegelman chose the specific type of animals he did to help symbolize the slayings. He chose mice, because majority of time mice are mistreated and experimented with – without any say so. Pigs were representation of the Polish people, because they supposedly had a stench. They were under the rule of the dictator Hitler. Polish people firmly believed in whatever Hitler said, and were instructed to not care about whatShow MoreRelatedThe Comic Book MAUS1288 Words   |  5 PagesMAUS Introduction Since the publishing of the comic book MAUS, there has been a broad debate not only from the survivors of the Holocaust but within the Jewish community pertaining to the appropriateness and representational meaning of the Holocaust in the modern literature. Many people who participate in the discussions or read the book have perceived the comic fashioning of the book as trivial, hence making the book appear as mocking, derogatory and comedic. Nevertheless, this is not theRead MoreEssay on The Comic Format of Spiegelmans Books Maus I and Maus II1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe books Maus I and Maus II, written by Art Spiegelman over a thirteen-year period from 1978-1991, are books that on the surface are written about the Holocaust. The books specifically relate to the author’s father’s experiences pre and post-war as well as his experiences in Auschwitz. The book also explores the author’s very complex relationship between himself and his father, and how the Holo caust further complicates this relationship. On a deeper level the book also dances around the ideaRead MoreMaus1632 Words   |  7 PagesCastro Maus Topics for Discussion: Comics Technique In Understanding Comics, Scott McCloud argues that a face drawn with great detail can represent only one specific person, but that a face drawn with few details—a smiley face, for instance— could be almost anyone. ï ¿ ¼ Source: Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics (DC Comics, 1999): 31. Describe the faces in Maus. Are they iconic (could be anyone) or particular (could only be Vladek)? The faces in described in Maus are intensely descriptiveRead MoreMaus Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesMaus Paper Art Spiegelman’s Maus, is a unique way of looking at history. Through the use of comics, Spiegelman allows the reader to draw their own conclusions within the parameters of the panes of the comic. Unlike reading a textbook in which the author describes every detail about the subject matter, comics allow for the reader to draw their own conclusions from the information given to them. Also by reading a serious comic such as Maus, we are able to break away from Maus has an interestingRead MoreAnalysis Of Maus And The Sandman By Neil Gainman1454 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature and valuable tools in the classroom. Comic books should not be viewed simply as aesthetic objects, but rather as texts which function when read by their audience within a specific context. Our education curriculums are heavily relied on reading comprehension, which has proven to be a struggle for visual learners. Graphic novels offer value, variety, and new medium for literacy that acknowledges the impact of visuals. Novels such as Maus by Art Spiegelman and The Sandman (vertigo) by NeilRead MoreMaus Themes790 Words   |  4 Pageshow Spiegelman conveyed this in Maus: Loneliness; Discrimination; Abuse of Power; Loss of Innocence, Guilt, Survival. The graphic novel Maus by Art Spiegelman conveys many varied and powerful themes to the reader. Spiegelman has conveyed the themes Guilt and Survival by using various methods including narration, dialogue and several comic book techniques to show the expressions and feelings of the central characters. Guilt is an especially strong theme in Maus, appearing many times with Art andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Maus 1257 Words   |  6 PagesMaus is a tale about a young man who is in search for answers about his own life and his father’s life. Vladek Spiegelman is a survivor of the holocaust who reconnects with his son Art Spiegelman by telling him stories of his past. Art creates a well-written comic tale about the Holocaust and the relationship he has with his father. This survivor’s tale takes you back to the Second World War to tell us a story of a Jew who hardly survived life. The story opens with Art visiting his father to getRead MoreComparison between Maus Anne Frank Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagessubstitutes such as books and diaries to expose these catastrophic events internationally. Books such as Maus, A survivor’s tale by Art Spiegelman, and Anne Frank by Ann Kramer. Spiegelman presents Maus in a comical format; he integrated the significance of Holocaust while maintaining the comic frame structure format, whereas comic books are theoretically supposed to be entertaining. Also, Maus uses a brilliant technique of integrating real life people as animal figures in the book. Individually, bothRead More`` Maus Trigger Me More Than Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass And Half Of A Yellow Sun966 Words   |  4 PagesMaus trigger me more than Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Half of a Yellow Sun since my country has been through similar experience. My country is the Republic of Korea, also called South Korea. It is small co untry located between powerful countries like China, Russia, and Japan. Thus, it is a place where war never stopped even till now. Too many times, we were too close to losing our country and one time, in 1910 we actually did. Lasted for Thirty-five years, it is called the KoreaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Maus 864 Words   |  4 Pagesextremely successful throughout his career, working for numerous comic lines. There’s no doubt that Maus certainly was his greatest work. You could consider Spiegalman’s experience to be his best credential. Maus is a graphic novel that depicts basically a cat and mouse representation of the Holocaust. A graphic novel as defined by Webster’s dictionary is a â€Å"fictional story that is presented in comic strip format and published as a book.†(1) Maus tells the story of Spiegelmans father, and his experience

The Tried and True Method for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail

The Tried and True Method for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Vital Pieces of Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Don't be scared to talk about your ideas as part of creative procedure and remember there's just one approach to reach the desired goals receiving papers which have been meticulously checked, reviewed and proofread. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. Start writing only as soon as you have collected enough material. Instead use it in order to proofread your work! It can likewise be beneficial to review other TOEFL writing samples to receive a better idea about what a fantastic TOEFL essay appears like. Eventually, you will want to have a comprehensive TOEFL practice examit's the only means to be fully ready for the TOEFL. Great writing skills must be cultivated with practice. With the correct use of the subsequent communicative activities you c an better your general writing skills for TOEFL iBT test. My goal today is to offer you all of the info you'll want to be successful with the TOEFL Independent Writing section. Honest, dedicated practice is considerably more useful and potent. This free internet practice test will enhance your score. The Supreme Approach for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples You won't be requested to present your opinion. Nobody will believe you as soon as you're telling the reality. Other people believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. If people succeed, it is due to hard work. In the long term, it appears that hiding the truth isn't beneficial to either party. Even still, you'll never be able to replace your very best friends and family. My family and friends and all the things that I need are here. The One Thing to Do for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Note the way the information you listened to differs from the information which you read. Use certain examples and details to back up your answer. Use certain reasons and details to back up your answer. Use reasons and specific details to back up your answer. By employing appropriate linking words, you can make sure the neat stream of ideas from 1 sentence to the next. You also need to demonstrate an array of vocabulary and sentence types. To show Writing questions examples is a little difficult. Use a number of sentence patterns. Your spelling also needs to be correct. Try to remember that silly grammar mistakes are somewhat more harmful than complex ones. You don't have to be a grammar expert, but you need to demonstrate sentence variety. Your word is going to have no weighting. Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About Each body paragraph should have a point that supports your primary idea. Explanation Style The reading provides three distinct ideas about the reason behind something or the usage of something or the main reason for something. You are able to also practice brainstorming or planning reasons even if it's the case that you don't compose a comprehensive reaction. You are going to be requested to present your opinion and offer reasons and examples. You're able to receive a fantastic feel for what the different sorts are like in the event you do all our free mini-TOEFL tests. Use particular reasons and examples to back up your answer. Use reasons and specific examples to back up your answer. You are able to submit your essay by registering for evaluation. Bear in mind that the thesis statement provides the most important idea or point of your essay. Try to remember you will have accessibility to the article as you write your essay. Use certain reasons to come up with your essay. You're going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and when you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. You should express your primary idea in a crystal clear way in the debut of the essay. To start with, your focus ought to be on summarizing the primary points of the lecture. At the start of the lecture, you will hear the lecturer's major idea. You will be able to take notes as you listen to it though. You might only listen to the lecture once, but you can examine the article during the time that you are writing your essay. Then you are going to listen to a lecture concerning the exact topic. Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples - What Is It? Argument Style The reading creates a claim about a particular topic. If you don't feel just like you have enough time to compose essays all on your own, we will assist you, any instance of the day, seven days per week. Pick a topic and decide on a timer for thirty minutes. Write a review of the review which you find. Select a movie you have seen recently and compose a brief review.

How Maggie Died free essay sample

How Maggie Died BY 13 Sarah Virile Conformity: The Main Issue with the Johnson Family Parenting plays a huge role in every persons life, whether they think so or not. How you were parented when you were younger defines who you are today; whether it meaner that you are completely opposite of your parents or similar to how they parented and raised you. You take the ways that they parented that you liked, and add in other ways that you acquire over time. In Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, Maggie, Jimmie, and Tommie are parented absolutely horrifically. Their parents are runner, arrogant individuals who have absolutely no regard for their children, or anyone else for that matter In Maggie: A girl of the Streets by Steven Crane, Maggie, tries to make something of herself by getting a Job and not falling into the footsteps and conforming to those around her, especially her family. Maggie wondered if she could achieve great things in life; by a girl who lived in a tenement house and worked in a shirt factory. (Crane, p 245) She and her two brothers live in an apartment complex in the ghetto with their parents. Her youngest brother, Tommie, ends up passing away because of their neglect. Both Maggie and Jimmie end up conforming to how they were raised even though Maggie fought it. If their parents hadnt been such terrible people, Maggie and Jimmie wouldnt have conformed to their negative mannerisms, and they would have had a chance in this world. . Although Magpies family lived in the ghetto of New York, and were constantly being surrounded by negativity, her parents could have actually been parents regardless of where they lived. They could have been there for their children physically and mentally, as well as being positive role models. Magpies mother even looked down on Maggie for her using proper manners, An now, sit out an go ann. wide data doe-faced elude of yours (Crane, p 251) Jude is a slang word from that times that meant that someone was overly worried with the use of proper manners and concerned with appearance. Her mother was looking down on her for trying to improve her manners and appearance. If her parents would have actually stepped up and fulfilled their duties as parents, Tommie and Maggie would have still been alive. When Tommie died, it did not even seem as if his parents cared. Tommie was constantly being neglected because of their constant need and want for alcohol. He would crawl around and hide under the table during their many disputes, and he was constantly not being tended to. He was an infant; infants require a lot of nurturing and attention, which is probably why he died. If Magpies parents had actually cared, she would probably still be alive as well. Instead her mother kicked her out and she was forced to live with Pete. Then after Pete abandoned her, she was forced to the streets and she began prostituting. But as I said, if Magpies parents were actually parents and were there for her, instead of getting drunk and hitting each other along with their children, she most likely would not have been making the same decisions no matter where she was from. Some people may say that it is all Magpies fault that she ended up the way she did and it had nothing to do with the conforming to her parents ways. Yes Maggie is her own person and could make near own decisions, but now could seen do that when seen was ever shown how? In the article Authenticity and Role-playing in S. Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, by Nazi AY-Syllabi, Syllabi says that conformity is a problem because it gets in the way of an individuals way of being an individual. If one conforms then their actions and decisions will be based on social acceptance and not on their own feelings and beliefs. (AY-Syllabi, p 199) Maggie conformed to her parents ways which in turn shadowed her own beliefs that she had stated before. If her parents acted more like role models Maggie may have had a different outcome. She instead entered off into the ghetto selling her body for money, Just to survive. Jimmie too conformed in this story. In the beginning of the story, one of the opening scenes is Jimmie clutching onto Maggie all night crying because of how their parents were acting. Crane wrote, Jimmie grew large enough to take the vague position of head of the family. As incumbent of that office, he stumbled up the stairs late at night, as his father had done before him. (Crane, 235) Jimmie saw his parents actions and poor decisions over and over again, night after night, so that was all he knew how to do. It also is the same with how he started to treat Maggie, he went from protecting her, to seeing her parents shun and degrade her in front of everyone so he started doing the same, leading Maggie to rebel and turning to the streets. With Jimmie and Maggie conforming to the ways of their parents parented, they miss out on living how they want to. Syllabi says, They lose their authenticity by not living their own life and not following their passions and feelings. (AY-Syllabi, p 200). If Maggie hadnt conformed and got out of her house before it was too late, she would have dad something of herself because of how she had aspired to do so. She showed this when she was talking about how She imagined herself, in an exasperating future, as a scrawny woman with an external grievance. (Crane, p 245) Syllabi goes onto say, Caught up in a whirlwind of self-deception and consumed with faking out those around them, the Johnson sole objective is to maintain their public image, enabling them to play the role of someone they are not. Lacking self- respect, the Johnson do not have the courage of their mistakes. If they had self -respect, they retainer would not worry what would happen to their reputation. (Syllabi, p 200) Maggie and Jimmies parents were so worried about what their neighbors would say about Maggie moving out that they started to badmouth Maggie to everyone that they talked to Just because they thought that who they were talking to felt the same way about Maggie. Yet when Maggie died her mother acted as if she was so upset when a couple chapters before she had disowned her and talked so poorly of her. Conformity pla ys a huge role in this story, and it would not have turned out to be the name if there hadnt been conformity in the Johnson household. Their children were influenced by how they were raised and how they were parented and ended up conforming to their parents ways. How Maggie conformed was that she used to want something of herself and she had aspirations, but after being put down over and over again for trying to reach her goals and dreams by her family and neighbors, she stopped trying, and resorted to prostitution. The mother and father, up until the day that their father died, were drunks who did not give a damn about their children, which is absolutely disgraceful and vile.

Roller Coaster Physics free essay sample

Physics of roller coasters2 Roller coaster Design3 Analysis of Roller Coaster4 1st Slope4 2nd Slope4 1st Dip5 3rd slope5 Loop5 Conclusion5 Bibliography6 Appendix6 Synopsis The context of this report is to design and analyse a roller coaster within the parameters of: a maximum â€Å"g† force of â€Å"4g’s†, a length of 40 to 100 seconds and has to be constructed of metal rather than wooden trestles. This report also requires a qualitative and quantitative explanation of the theory and figures behind the analysis. Introduction In this report there is a qualitative and quantitative explanation of the physics of a roller coaster and well as the figures which are retrieved via mathematical analysis of a roller coaster. Brief history of Roller Coasters The first basic roller coasters were first created in Russia in the 1780’s where a large wooden ramp would be constructed in winter and as the ice covered it people would ride sleds down it, these creations were called ‘Russian Mountains’. We will write a custom essay sample on Roller Coaster Physics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1804 the innovative idea was taken to France where Small wheels were added to the sleds to make the ‘Les Montagnes Russes’ or ‘Russian Mountains’ usable during summer and from there the roller coasters that don the theme parks where created. Physics of roller coasters A roller coaster uses the principle of gravity, by putting in work against gravity to raise the cars of a roller coaster to a height a build up of potential energy begins to accumulate and once that peak is reached the potential energy becomes kinetic energy and by using the build up of kinetic energy the roller coaster reaches the next rise causing it to have another build up of energy. This repeats the entire way around the track until it comes to the end and the process repeats itself. Roller coaster Design Analysis of Roller Coaster 1st Slope 2nd Slope 1st Dip 3rd slope Loop Conclusion For further information on roller coasters refer to the bibliography for websites concerning roller coasters. Bibliography http://www. britannica. com/coasters/ http://www. britannica. com/coasters/ride. html Appendix Refer to log book and attached booklet

Nuremberg Trials Essays (782 words) - International Criminal Law

Nuremberg Trials After World War II, numerous war-crimes trials tried and convicted many Axis leaders. Judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders for: crimes against humanity (mostly about the Holocaust), violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war. This was known as the "Nuremberg Trials." Late in 1946, the German defendants were indicted and arraigned before a war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg. Twenty of the defendants were physicians who, as governmental, military, or SS officials, stood at or near the top of the medical hierarchy of the Third Reich. The other three occupied administrative positions which brought them into close connection with medical affairs. It all started when people started hearing about the Nazi's in human acts, just about four months after World War II started. No one would believe that such a thing would happen. While the people were thinking like that the Jews were being shipped out of the country. Some of them were put in working camps or at a person's farm. This was the beginning of the Final Solution of the German's Problem (the Holocaust). On August 8 the Four Power nation signed the London Agreement. They later named it the International Military Tribunal (IMT), it had 8 judges, one judge and one alternate. This was made so that they would try to stop the Nazi crimes (Rice Jr. 81). They had supplementary Nuremberg hearings that were broken down into twelve trials. In connection with these trials, the U.S. military tribunals had thirty-five defendants and released nineteen of them because they could find anything to get them on (Rice Jr. 76). They made Nuremberg Laws because of Hitler's concentration camps and his other inhuman acts (Rice Jr. 31). He didn't go by the lead system, he made himself the Supreme Judge. Hitler could imprison or execute anyone he wanted to. He made laws keeping Jews out of certain public places or jobs. He wouldn't let Jews have German citizenship. The Nuremberg Laws stated that there would be no more inhuman acts or segregation of Jews. One of the positive sides of the Nuremberg incident was the trials documented Nazi crimes for posterity. Many citizens of the world remember hearing about the Nazi's brutalities and inhuman acts (Rice Jr., 5). Hundreds of official Nazi documents entered into evidence at Nuremberg tell the horrible tale of the Third Reich in the Nazi's own words. Six million Jews, and others not liked by the Nazis were killed. Not one convicted Nazi denied that the mass killing had occurred. Each disclaimed only personal knowledge and responsibility. The negative things that happened at Nuremberg were the establishment of the I.M.T. has yet to lead to a permanent counterpart before which crimes against humanity can be tried. Twenty-four wars between nations and ninety-three civil wars or insurgencies between 1945 and 1992, no international body had been convened to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes. To prosecute and punish aggression rest still on the wavering will of an international community ever reluctant to impose sanctions on offending governments (Rice Jr. 100). Despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road to aggression, hope yes abides for the best of Nuremberg's brightest promise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war (Rice Jr., 97). Yet never in history had the vanquished perpetrated crimes of such inhumanity. The I.M.T., like the courts in many countries, have held to the principle that persons committing a criminal violation of international law are responsible for violation, on the grounds that crimes of this nature are the result of their own acts (Rice 1492). The tribunal thought for crimes carried out on orders from above, since many of the crimes had been committed in one with the Reich policy (Rice 1493). The portion of the I.M.T. judgment dealing with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the defendants in the trial and by the criminal organizations concerns, in large measure, the persecution and murder of the Jewish people. In its analysis of these crimes, the I.M.T. found it appropriate to single out the persecution of the Jews as a manifestation of consistent and systematic in humanity on a huge scale (Rice 1493). The testimony

Knowledge Transfer and Problem Solving

Transfer of knowledge also known as transfer of learning is a notion that refers to the ease of performance of new tasks owing to previous exposure to a similar situation or a situation that shares similar characteristics to the current one. In this regard it is generally expected that mastery of one cognitive skill will influence another related one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Transfer and Problem Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By the end of the 19th century various views on transfer had emerged. Key among these views was the Doctrine of Formal Discipline (Ormrod, 2004). This doctrine explained improvement in mental power using the correlation that exists between physical activity and muscle power. It was held that cognitive function could be improved by mental exercise. Study of subjects regarded as difficult was therefore, expected to improve learning of simpler subjects. Other influen tial views on this area are the associations approach and the meaning theory. The associations approach asserted that problem solving is achieved through a quick mental trial and error. In this context thinking is a process in which all possible solutions to a problem are mentally tried until one that is appropriate is identified. The identical elements theory gives further insight to this approach (Schunk, 2012). The theory advances that transfer can only occur when the new task and learned task share identical elements. The identical elements are thought to be stimulus-response pairs. Transfer of a skill increases with increase in the number of identical elements. It can therefore, be said that transfer is functionally related to similarity and difference between stimuli and responses in an original and a transfer task. Gestalt approach and meaning theory presume that thinking is a process of relating a problem situation to another resulting in understanding (Ormrod, 2004). In suc h a scenario a transfer is achieved by reorganizing ideas to gain an insight into the problem to be solved. Two forms of transfer emerge from these approaches; the near transfer and the far transfer. Near transfer denotes a transfer process in which there is overlap between situations. That is, the original and the transfer situations are analogous. For example, learning how to drive a saloon car and transferring that to acquiring skills necessary to drive a truck.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In far transfer there is little overlap between situations. For example, learning problem solving in school and later using knowledge gained to solve problems outside the classroom setting. Mechanisms of transfer Two mechanisms of transfer exist. They are the procedural overlap and scheme-based transfer. Procedural overlap transfer is of the view that production sequences gained during train ing are applicable in performing a new task. A greater overlap in the required productions results in greater the transfer. This kind of transfer is applicable to skills that have recurrent sequences. Scheme-based transfer is applicable to situations that require an understanding of the problem before a solution is developed. During learning and practice, cognitive schemata are acquired. These acquired schemes provide knowledge necessary for understanding the new problem situation. Difference between experts and novices in problem solving Though experts and novices may both achieve a desirable result to a problem, the way they go about it is different. Novices and experts perceive and understand stimuli differently. When solving problems experts can recognize patterns and connections that are not immediately evident to novices. The experts can therefore, arrive at a solution faster than novices. Experts are also able to filter information faster. Experts often notice the relevant in formation and separate it from irrelevant information. It is this attribute that helps experts act quickly in situations that require quick and useful responses to avert a danger. Experts are flexible and highly adaptable to different situations. Experts are able to vary their methods of learning and practice with ease as compared to novices who may have difficulty doing this. This enables the expert to come up with new solutions to a problem. Flexibility is important in problem solving especially when a new challenge is encountered. Teaching adults problem solving skills The approaches used to teach adults problem solving skills are not very different from those used when teaching children. Adults can be taught problem solving skills using the problem solving process. This process has three major steps namely; representing the problem, solution search and implementation of the solution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Transfer and Problem Solving sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, for adults contextual learning is important (Ormrod, 2004). Adults should be taught with special emphasis laid on context. Examples used should be those that one is likely to encounter in real life situations. The examples should be real and properly put in the right context. References Ormrod, J. E. (2004). Human learning (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson. Schunk, D.H. (2012). Learning theories: an educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon (Pearson Education). This essay on Knowledge Transfer and Problem Solving was written and submitted by user Giselle H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gender Equality Essays

Gender Equality Essays Gender Equality Essay Gender Equality Essay Workplace In the United States, more than half of the employees in most companies are women. In 40% of families, a woman is the primary source of income. Women, on average, receive more college degrees than men (37% of women have Bachelors degrees compared to 34% of men). Despite all of this, women still somehow earn significantly less than men yearly. In 2013, for every dollar a man made, a woman only earned 77 cents. The wage gap between men and women has barely changed since the 1 sass. According to research, if change continues at the same slow pace as it has done for the past fifty years, it will take almost fifty years-?or until 2058-?for women to finally reach pay parity (Pay Equity and Discrimination). Therefore, the setback is not that females are not educated; the problem enters when parents try to balance work and family, and women usually end up carrying nearly all of the careening responsibilities (Britton, Gender Inequality and Women in the Workplace). Many organizations concerning gender inequality have been founded in order o raise awareness of this ongoing problem. The largest and probably most impacting organization is called He-For-She. This group uses successful people with powerful voices (such as actors/actresses, musicians, etc. ) to bring the problem of gender inequality into the limelight. There are many other associations dealing with gender equality, but none has been as successful as this one. None of the organizations have washed out the entire issue, but they have brought more attention to it. Teenagers are now standing up for heir equality and rights on social media because of these movements for justice. Emma Watson speech for He-For-She acknowledged that the progress toward men and women getting paid the same is moving slowly, but at least its moving. The problem hasnt been solved because it is a large, ongoing dilemma that involves half of the citizens in the Unites States of America. It is almost impossible for one person to come in and somehow make every person, male and female, get paid equally. It is a long process that has recently begun to move in a positive direction faster than it ever has. : If men and women of every age continue to stand up for their equal rights and join the movement organizations like He-For-She and The Institute of Womens Policy Research have started, the problem will continue gaining recognition. As the problem gains awareness, more and more people will start doing something about it. If influential people and teenagers continue joining the movement towards feminism (the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes), the issue of unequal pay in the workplace will be brought to an end sooner than predicted.

Aviation Essay Example

Aviation Essay Example Aviation Essay Aviation Essay Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual CHAPTER 2: SIGNALS, SIGNS AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS This chapter provides the information you need to know about Pennsylvania roadways. It covers: Signals Signs Pavement Markings SIGNALS Traffic signals are installed at intersections to control the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Traffic signals are arranged in either vertical lines or horizontal lines. When they are arranged vertically, red is always on top and green on the bottom. When they are arranged horizontally, red is always on the left and green on the right. RED, YELLOW AND GREEN TRAFFIC LIGHTS AND ARROWS When there is a STEADY RED LIGHT, you must stop before crossing the marked stop line or crosswalk. If you do not see any lines, stop before entering the intersection. Wait for a green light before you start. You may turn right while the light is red, unless a NO TURN ON RED sign is posted at the intersection. You must first stop, check for and yield to pedestrians and other traffic. You may also turn left after you stop at a red light, if you are in the left lane and are turning left from a one-way street onto another one-way street, unless a sign tells you not to turn. You must first stop and yield to pedestrians and other traffic. A STEADY YELLOW LIGHT tells you a steady red light will soon appear. If you are driving toward an intersection and a yellow light appears, slow down and prepare to stop. If you are within the intersection or cannot stop safely before entering the intersection, continue through carefully. A STEADY GREEN LIGHT means you may drive through the intersection, if the road is clear. You may also turn right or left unless a sign tells you not to; however, when turning, you must yield to other vehicles and pedestrians within the intersection. ?   A GREEN ARROW means you may turn the way the arrow points. When you turn during the green arrow phase, your turn is protected because oncoming traffic is stopped by a red light. If the green arrow turns into a green light, you may still turn in that direction, but first yield to pedestrians and oncoming traffic. ?   A YELLOW ARROW means the movement permitted by the green arrow is about to end. You should slow down and prepare to stop completely before entering the intersection. If you are within the intersection or cannot stop safely before entering the intersection, carefully turn in the direction the arrow is pointing. ?   Although not common in Pennsylvania, a RED ARROW is used in other states. It means you may not turn in the direction the arrow points. -7- Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual FLASHING SIGNALS A flashing yellow light means CAUTION. Slow down, look and proceed with care. A flashing red light has the same meaning as a STOP sign. You must come to a complete stop. Then, look both ways, and proceed only after the intersection is clear. NON-FUNCTIONING TRAFFIC LIGHTS A non-functioning traffic signal should be treated as though it were a four-way STOP sign. RAMP-METERING SIGNALS Some highway entrance ramps have traffic signals at the end of the ramp that alternate between steady green and steady red. Ramp metering signals are used to control the flow of traffic onto very congested highways and usually operate during peak rush hours. You must wait for the green signal before you enter the highway. On single-lane ramps, only one (1) car may enter the highway each time the light turns green. For multi-lane on ramps, there will be a ramp meter for each lane. The green light does not protect your entrance onto the highway † you must still look for a safe gap in traffic to enter the highway. LANE USE CONTROL SIGNALS ?   Special signals may also be placed directly over lanes to control traffic. These are commonly used at toll booths, on bridges, tunnels and on multi-lane roads in cities where the direction of travel for a particular lane changes to ease the flow of traffic into or out of the city during peak rush hour. The following signals show how specific lanes of a street or highway should be used: X X A steady downward green arrow over a traffic lane means you may use the lane. A steady yellow X over a traffic lane means you must change lanes because the direction of travel for that lane is about to be reversed. Get ready to leave the lane safely. A steady red X over a lane means you are not allowed to use the traffic lane. A white, steady, one-way left-turn arrow over a lane means you may only turn left, if you are in that lane. A white, steady, two-way left-turn arrow over a lane means you may only turn left, if you are in that lane, but the lane is shared by left-turning drivers approaching from the opposite direction. -8- Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS Pedestrians must obey traffic and pedestrian signals. The pedestrian signals you must obey are the WALK and DONâ„ ¢T WALK lights or the lighted picture of a walking person (meaning walk) and an upraised hand (meaning donâ„ ¢t walk). If there are no pedestrian signals at the intersection, pedestrians must obey the red, yellow and green traffic lights. Sometimes pedestrians are not aware of their responsibilities at traffic and pedestrian signals. Be alert for pedestrians, who may not obey the signal. Always yield to pedestrians. When a steady WALK or walking person comes on, start crossing, but be alert for turning vehicles that may not lawfully yield the right of way. When the flashing DONâ„ ¢T WALK or flashing upraised hand begins: a. Finish crossing, if you are in the street. When the steady DONâ„ ¢T WALK message or steady upraised hand is displayed, do not cross. b. Do not start to cross, if you have not left the curb. Blind Pedestrians When driving near a blind pedestrian who is carrying a white cane or walking with a guide dog, you must slow down, always yield the right-of-way and then proceed with caution. Be prepared to stop your vehicle in order to prevent injury or danger to the pedestrian. SCHOOL ZONE SIGNALS School zone signals are flashing yellow signals placed on the school zone speed limit signs. You must travel no faster than 15 mph when the yellow signals are flashing or during the time periods indicated on the sign. Exceeding the speed limit in a school zone will result in three (3) points on your driving record, and you will also be fined. RAILROAD CROSSING SIGNALS Drivers are alerted when approaching a railroad crossing by the railroad crossing sign. Railroad crossings should be approached with caution at all times. You should always look both ways and listen for any approaching trains or signals before proceeding across the railroad tracks. You are required to stop at all railroad crossings when there is a signal of an approaching train. These signals include flashing red lights, a lowered crossing gate, a flagger signaling or a trainâ„ ¢s audible signal of warning. Do not move forward or attempt to go around any gate or ignore any signal of an approaching train. If there are no signals at the railroad crossing, you should slow down and prepare to stop, if you see or hear a train approaching. Proceed with caution only after all signals are completed and then only when there is evidence no trains are approaching the crossing. You should stop if a train is approaching and has sounded its audible signal or is plainly visible and in hazardous proximity to the crossing. Do not stop your vehicle on a railroad track, regardless of whether a train appears to be coming. If traffic is backed up because of a traffic signal, stop sign or for any other reason, make sure you stop your vehicle in a location where it will be entirely clear of any railroad tracks. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information about how to safely cross a highway-railroad intersection. -9- OBEY RAILROAD CROSSING SIGNS AND SIGNALS Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual SIGNS Signs are divided into three (3) basic categories: Regulatory, Warning and Guide signs. Most signs within each category have a special shape and color. REGULATORY SIGNS Regulatory signs tell you what you must do, or must not do, according to the law. The regulations posted on these signs advise you about speed limits, the direction of traffic, turning restrictions, parking restrictions, etc. If you do not obey the messages on regulatory signs, you could be fined and receive points on your driving record because you are breaking the law. You also risk your safety and the safety of others by disobeying the messages on regulatory signs â€Å" for example, failing to stop at a stop sign, passing another car where it is not safe to pass, driving faster than the posted speed limit or driving the wrong way on a one-way street. Usually, regulatory signs are black and white vertical rectangles or squares, like SPEED LIMIT signs. Some regulatory signs are black, white and red, like the NO LEFT TURN sign with a circle and slash. Other regulatory signs are red and white, like STOP, YIELD, DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signs. The STOP sign is the only octagon-shaped (8-sided) sign you see on the highway. At an intersection with a STOP sign, you must stop completely, check for pedestrians and cross traffic to clear the intersection before you go again. Slowing down without coming to a full stop is illegal. When you see a crosswalk or a stop line, stop before the front of your vehicle reaches the first painted line. If you cannot see traffic, yield to any pedestrians and then carefully pull forward past the line until you can see clearly. Check for traffic and pedestrians and then go ahead when the intersection is clear. EXCEPT RIGHT TURN This sign is also used in conjunction with stop signs. This sign allows motorists to make the right turn without stopping. A FOUR-WAY STOP sign means there are four stop signs at this intersection. Traffic from all four directions must stop. The first vehicle to reach the intersection should move forward first. If two vehicles reach the intersection at the same time, the driver on the left yields to the driver on the right. If facing one another both can proceed with caution, watching for possible turns. 4-WAY YIELD signs are triangular (3-sided) in shape. When you see this sign, you must slow down and check for traffic and give the right-of-way to pedestrians and approaching cross traffic. You stop only when it is necessary. Proceed when you can do so safely without interfering with normal traffic flow. Remember, you must have a sufficient gap in traffic before you can continue on at either STOP or YIELD sign locations. TO ONCOMING This sign is used in conjunction with a yield sign at a one-lane bridge or underpass location to alert motorists the one-lane roadway requires them to yield the right-of-way to opposing traffic. TRAFFIC RAILROAD CROSSBUCK SIGN. This sign is placed at a railroad crossing where the tracks cross the roadway. You should treat the crossbuck sign as a YIELD sign; slow down and prepare to stop, if you see or hear a train approaching. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information about railroad crossing safety. 10 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual The DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signs work as a team. The DO NOT ENTER sign is put at the beginning of one-way streets and ramps. When you see this sign, do not drive onto that street or ramp in the direction you are heading. WRONG WAY signs are placed farther down the one-way street or ramp. They are placed there to catch your attention, if you accidentally turn onto the street or ramp. The ONE WAY sign means traffic is allowed to move only in the direction the sign is pointing. If you turn onto a one-way street traveling in the opposite direction, you are likely to get into a head-on collision. DIVIDED HIGHWAY NO TRUCKS DIVIDED HIGHWAY This sign means the road you are on intersects with a divided highway. The divided highway is really two (2), one-way roadways that are separated by a median or a guide rail. At the first roadway, you can only turn right, and at the second roadway, you can only turn left. NO BICYCLES NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING NO TRUCKS, NO BICYCLES and NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING Operators of trucks, bicycles and pedestrians may not use roadways where these signs are posted. The following signs are located where certain actions are prohibited at any or all times: NO U-TURN NO RIGHT TURN NO LEFT TURN This sign prohibits U-turns. Do not make a complete turn to go in the opposite direction. This sign indicates right turns are prohibited. Do not make a right turn at this intersection. This sign indicates left turns are prohibited. Do not make a left turn at this intersection. DO NOT PASS NO PARKING You may not park a vehicle at locations where this sign is posted. DO NOT PASS This sign may be placed in areas where you may not pass any vehicles going in the same direction. It is often accompanied by the yellow pennant-shaped sign that says NO PASSING ZONE (Refer to Warning Signs). The following LANE USE CONTROL SIGNS (Directional) are placed at or near intersections above the traffic lane they control to show what maneuver(s) are permitted from that lane. This sign indicates that at the intersection ahead traffic in the left lane must turn left and traffic in the adjoining lane may turn left or continue straight. 11 CENTER LANE LEFT TURN ONLY This sign indicates where a lane is reserved for the exclusive use of left-turning vehicles in either direction and is not to be used for through traffic or passing. Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual LANE USE CONTROL SIGNS (continued) TURN TO LEFT OR RIGHT STRAIGHT OR TURN RIGHT TURN RIGHT ONLY If you are in a lane controlled by signs like these, you may travel in either direction the arrows point. TURN LEFT ONLY If you are in a lane controlled by a sign with a turn arrow and the word ONLY, when you reach the intersection, you must make the turn. You may travel only in the direction the arrow points, even if you are in the turn-only lane in error. KEEP RIGHT These signs direct drivers to keep to the right of the traffic island or divider. A SPEED LIMIT sign indicates the maximum legal speed under ideal conditions for the stretch of highway where it is posted. Your safety may depend upon driving slower than the posted speed under poor conditions. TEEN CRASH?FACT Driving too fast for conditions is the No. 1 reason 16 and 17-year-old drivers are involved in crashes. You may not turn during the red light cycle at an intersection where one of these signs is posted. You must wait for the signal to turn green. LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN LEFT TURN YIELD ON?GREEN This sign indicates a left turn is permitted, but you must yield to oncoming traffic. It is commonly placed at intersections, near the left-turn traffic signal, to remind drivers left turns are not protected when the circular green signal comes on. OPPOSING TRAFFIC HAS EXTENDED GREEN OPPOSING?TRAFFIC? HAS?EXTENDED?GREEN This sign is posted where opposing traffic may continue to move after your signal has turned red. RESERVED PARKING Although this sign is not black and white, it is a regulatory sign. It marks areas where parking is reserved for disabled persons or severely disabled veterans. Vehicles parked in these spaces must display authorized registration plates or parking placards. Unauthorized vehicles parked in these spaces are subject to a fine and towing costs. 12 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual WARNING SIGNS Warning signs tell you about conditions on or near the road ahead. They warn you about possible hazards or changes in roadway conditions. They are posted before the condition, so you have time to see what is ahead, decide how you should respond and slow down or change your travel path, if necessary. Warning signs are usually diamond shaped with black symbols or words on a yellow background. NO PASSING ZONE This is the only pennant-shaped warning sign. This sign marks the beginning of a no passing zone and is placed on the left side of the road facing the driver. CHEVRON SIGNS There is a sharp change in the direction of the road, such as a curve to the left or right. The road bends in the direction the chevron points. When used in a curve, there will be an advanced curve warning sign, and there may be several chevron signs placed throughout the curve. LEFT CURVE The road curves ahead to the left. You need to slow down, stay in the center of your lane and prepare to navigate through the left-bending curve. RIGHT CURVE The road curves ahead to the right. You need to slow down and position your vehicle slightly to the right of the center of your lane, as you drive through the right-bending curve. SHARP LEFT TURN The road ahead turns sharply to the left. You need to slow down substantially, stay in the center of your lane and prepare to navigate through the sharp left turn. Some sharp turn signs have an advisory speed located on the sign or posted below it. SHARP RIGHT TURN The road ahead turns sharply to the right. You need to slow down substantially, position your vehicle slightly to the right of the center of your lane and prepare to navigate through the sharp right turn. Some sharp turn signs have an advisory speed located on the sign or posted below it. SET OF CURVES The road ahead curves first in one direction and then back in the other direction (a set of two (2) curves). Slow down and prepare to navigate through the set of curves. RIGHT AND LEFT SHARP TURNS The road ahead turns sharply first in one direction and then back in the other direction. Slow down substantially and prepare to navigate through the set of turns. 13 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual WINDING ROAD (SERIES OF CURVES) This sign indicates there are three (3) or more curves in a row on the road ahead. ONE DIRECTION LARGE ARROW The road ahead changes direction at an extreme angle. Before you reach such an extreme curve, slow down as much as you would to make a turn at an intersection. ROAD ENTERING CURVE The main road curves to the left with a side road entering from the right. Approach the intersection with extra caution. A driver preparing to enter the main road may not be able to see you approaching from around the curve and may pull out in front of you, leaving you little room to avoid a crash, if you are traveling too fast. TRUCK ROLLOVER This sign identifies curves where trucks traveling at excessive speeds have a potential to rollover. ADVISORY SPEED SIGNS This sign may be used with any diamond-shaped warning sign. The highest speed you should travel around a sharp left curve ahead is 25 mph. MERGING TRAFFIC This sign is placed on a major roadway to tell you traffic may be merging into your lane from another roadway or a ramp. In this example, the traffic will be entering your lane from the right. Entering traffic must yield to traffic already on the major roadway. ADDED LANE This sign is placed in advance of a point where two roadways meet. It means merging is not necessary because the entering traffic uses a new lane that has been added to the roadway. 14 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual DIVIDED HIGHWAY BEGINS The highway ahead becomes a divided highway with two oneway roadways and a median or divider separating traffic moving in opposite directions. Keep to the right of the divider or median. DIVIDED HIGHWAY ENDS The divided highway on which you are traveling ends ahead. You will then be on a roadway with twoway traffic. Keep to the right of the centerline and watch for oncoming traffic. TWO-WAY TRAFFIC AHEAD The one-way street or roadway ends ahead. You will then be traveling on a road with two (2) lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions. Stay in your lane to the right of the centerline. This sign may also be placed at intervals along the two-way roadway. LANE ENDS These signs tell you one (1) lane on a multi-lane roadway will end ahead. In these examples, the traffic in the right lane must merge left. LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT INTERSECTION?SIGNS The signs below show types of intersections. By showing you in advance how the roads join each other, the signs let you know when the road you are traveling on does not continue straight through the intersection. The signs also warn you about possible problems with the movements of other vehicles. Approach all of these intersection types with extra caution by searching ahead and preparing to slow down, if necessary. CROSS ROAD SIDE ROAD T INTERSECTION Y INTERSECTION CIRCULAR INTERSECTION TWO DIRECTION LARGE ARROW This sign is placed at the far side of a T-intersection to tell you that you can only go left or right. The road you are on does not continue straight through at the intersection. NARROW BRIDGE OR UNDERPASS AHEAD Each lane on the bridge or underpass becomes narrower, and there generally is no shoulder. You need to slow down and make sure you stay in your lane. If a driver approaching from the opposite direction has a wide vehicle or is taking up part of your lane, wait until he or she clears the area. SLIPPERY WHEN WET Especially slippery conditions exist when wet. In wet weather, reduce your speed and increase your following distance. Do not accelerate or brake quickly. Make turns at a very slow speed. 15 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual DEER CROSSING This sign is posted in areas where deer frequently cross and crashes with deer have occurred. LOW CLEARANCE This sign may be placed on an underpass, or at the entrance to a tunnel or parking garage. Do not enter if your vehicle is taller than the height listed on the sign. SHOULDER SIGNS These signs are placed in advance of locations where the shoulder is lower than the road or the shoulder is soft (not paved). The LOW SHOULDER sign is used where the shoulder is as much as three (3) inches below the level of the road. The SHOULDER DROP OFF sign is used for even more severe drop-off situations. If you stray off of the roadway and one (1) wheel drops off onto a low shoulder or a soft shoulder, do not slam on the brakes or steer sharply to try to get back onto the roadway†you can easily lose control of your vehicle! Refer to Chapter 3 for information about how to safely recover from drifting off of the pavement. HILL/DOWNGRADE There is a steep hill ahead. Slow down and be ready to shift to a lower gear to control your speed and to save wear and tear on your brakes. TRAFFIC SIGNAL AHEAD A traffic signal is present at the intersection ahead. You may not be able to see it because of a curve or hill. If the light is red (or if the light has just turned green), a line of vehicles may be stopped ahead. When you see this sign, slow down and prepare to stop, if necessary. STOP SIGN AHEAD A STOP sign is present at the intersection ahead. You may not be able to see it because of a curve, hill or something else blocking your view. There also may be a line of vehicles stopped ahead at the STOP sign you cannot see. When you see this sign, slow down in preparation to stop. BICYCLE CROSSING AHEAD Bicyclists may be crossing your path ahead. Be prepared to slow down, if necessary. This sign may have either a yellow background (as shown) or a fluorescent yellowgreen background. RAILROAD CROSSING AHEAD You are approaching a railroad crossing. When you see this sign, begin looking and listening for a train. This sign is placed far enough in advance to allow you to stop before you reach the tracks, if necessary. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information about railroad crossing safety. 16 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual ADVANCED INTERSECTION/RAILROAD CROSSING SIGN The intersecting road has a railroad crossing within a very short distance from the intersection. If you are planning to turn onto the intersecting road and if a train is approaching, be prepared to stop. SHARE BICYCLE/MOTOR VEHICLE SHARE THE ROAD Used at roadway pinch points (no shoulder, narrow lanes, etc.) to warn you, as a motorist, to provide adequate space for bicyclists to share the roadway. THE ROAD PEDESTRIAN CROSSING Used at a marked crosswalk or in advance of locations where pedestrians may be crossing your path. Be prepared to slow down or stop, if necessary. This sign may have either a yellow background (as shown) or a fluorescent yellow-green background. SCHOOL This is the only pentagon-shaped sign used on the roadway. It means you are approaching a school zone. If the sign is accompanied by a downward-pointing arrow, it means you are at the school zone crosswalk. You should slow down, watch for children crossing the road and stop, if necessary. This sign may have either a yellow background (as shown) or a fluorescent yellow-green background. HORSE-DRAWN VEHICLE This sign is posted in areas where slow moving, horse-drawn vehicles cross or share the roadway with motorized vehicles. OBJECTS ADJACENT TO THE ROADWAY Objects close to the edge of the road sometimes need a marker to warn drivers of the potential danger. These include underpass supports, ends of bridges, guiderails and other structures. In some cases, there may not be a physical object involved, but rather a roadside condition such as a drop-off or an abrupt change in the roadway alignment. Such roadside objects and conditions are indicated by the following markers, where the stripes are angled down in the direction you need to move to avoid the hazard: Right Hazard Keep to the Left Center Hazard Keep to the Left or Right 17 Left Hazard Keep to the Right Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual WORK ZONE SIGNS (WORK AREA AND CONSTRUCTION ZONE SIGNS) Work Zone Signs are normally diamond shaped, like warning signs, but they are orange with black lettering instead of yellow with black lettering. These signs identify maintenance, construction or utility areas where workers or equipment may be on or near the roadway. Stay alert and slow down when you see these signs. Turn on your headlights when traveling through a work zone, no matter what time of day. This is the law for all posted work zones, not just for active ones. Using your headlights makes your vehicle more visible to other traffic as well as to highway workers. If you are pulled over by police for a traffic violation in a work zone and your vehicleâ„ ¢s headlights are not turned on, you will be fined an additional $25. ACTIVE WORK ZONE WHEN FLASHING INCREASED PENALTIES ROAD WORK AHEAD END ACTIVE WORK ZONE These WORK ZONE signs are placed at the beginning and end of an active work zone. An active work zone is the portion of a work zone where construction, maintenance or utility workers are on the roadway, or on the shoulder of the highway next to an open travel lane. ROAD WORK AHEAD This sign informs you there is road work ahead and also cautions you to slow down. WORKERS AHEAD Workers may be on or are very close to the roadway, so take special care when traveling through the area. LANE CLOSED AHEAD This sign tells you a particular lane will be closed at a specified distance ahead. RIGHT LANE RIGHT LANE CLOSED CLOSED 1000 FT 1000 FT FLAGGER AHEAD (ROAD CONSTRUCTION AHEAD) The sign to the left shows a flagger is controlling traffic ahead. As shown below, flaggers use STOP and SLOW paddles or a red flag to signal you to stop or slow down. Pay special attention to flaggers when approaching and traveling through a work zone. TRAFFIC MUST STOP AND WAIT TRAFFIC MUST MOVE SLOWLY 18 DID YOU KNOW Highway workers have forms to report motorists who speed or drive unsafely in work zones to the police, who may then issue a ticket, resulting in fines and points. Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual ELECTRIC ARROW PANELS Large electronic flashing arrow panels (move/merge right or left) placed in the roadway or mounted on vehicles advise approaching motorists of lane closures. Begin your merge well in advance of the sign. An arrow panel displaying either of the messages shown in the figure to the far right (caution) indicates there is a work area ahead next to the travel lane. Drive with extra caution. MOVE/MERGE RIGHT CAUTION MOVE/MERGE LEFT CHANNELING DEVICES Barrels, tubes, cones and vertical panels are all devices used in work zones to guide you through changing traffic patterns and keep you away from hazards associated with road work. GUIDE SIGNS Guide signs provide information about intersecting roads, help direct you to cities and towns, and show points of interest along the highway. Guide signs also help you find hospitals, service stations, restaurants and motels. Usually these signs are horizontal rectangles. HIGHWAY/EXPRESSWAY GUIDE SIGNS The following three signs are examples of highway and expressway guide signs. They are green with white letters. Most highway and expressway signs are posted the same way. For example, there is usually one advance sign which is followed by another advance sign. The third sign then is posted at the exit. Several signs are necessary because the high speed and heavy traffic on highways can cause drivers to miss seeing a single sign. Also, motorists may need to make one or more lane changes to exit. EXITS 30 E-W EXITS 30 E-W 22 22 Colonial Park Progress 2 MILES Colonial Park Progress 1 MILE EXIT 30 E 22 EAST Colonial Park EXIT NUMBERS Exit numbers have been revised to correspond with the mile markers similar to states to the west and south of Pennsylvania. This change allows motorists to quickly calculate distances between exits, e.g., the distance between Exit 95 and Exit 20 is 75 miles. EXIT 30-W If a yellow panel with the message EXIT ONLY is on a highway sign, the lane below the sign will not continue through the interchange; instead, the lane will go off of the road to form a ramp. If you are in a lane posted with an EXIT ONLY, you may change lanes, or you must exit the highway if you stay in this lane. 19 22 WEST Progress 1 MILE EXIT ONLY EXIT 30 W 22 WEST Progress EXIT ONLY Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual HERE ARE SOME TIPS TO LET YOU KNOW WHICH SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY YOU WILL EXIT: EXIT 7 EXIT 13 WEST 22 80 Trenton 1 MILE Exit 13 for Route 22 will be on the left side of the highway. 80 22 Bowie Exit 7 for Route 22 will be on the right side of the highway. The small green EXIT number sign on top of the green rectangular sign will be on the left side of the sign, if the exit is on the left side of the highway. The small green EXIT number sign on top of the green rectangular sign will be on the right side of the sign, if the exit is on the right side of the highway. If the sign has white arrows, the arrow will point in the direction of the exit. INTERSTATE NUMBERING SYSTEM The red, white and blue shield sign indicates a highway is an interstate. These interstates are specially numbered to help motorists find their way through unfamiliar areas. A code is used to show if the route travels mainly east and west or north and south, and to show if the route is in the eastern, middle or western United States. Decoding the Interstate Numbering System. The numbers on the interstate shield can be a great navigational aid when you understand how they are developed. They generally follow this pattern: One or two-digit, even-numbered interstates are generally east-west routes. Nationally, the numbers increase from I-10 in the south to I-94 in the north. In Pennsylvania, I-76 is in the southern part of the state, and I-84 and I-80 are in the northern part. One or two-digit, odd-numbered interstates are generally north-south routes. Numbers increase from the west coast I-5 to the east coast I-95. In Pennsylvania, I-79 is in the western part of the state, and I-95 is in the eastern part. Three-digit numbered interstate highways connect to other major highways. If the first of the three (3) digits is an even number, the highway usually connects to interstate highways at both ends, such as I-276 in Philadelphia. Many times such routes are known as loops or beltways. When the first of the three (3) digits is an odd number, the highway is usually a spur route connecting with another interstate at only one (1) end, sometimes going into a city center such as I-180 in Williamsport. 1 9112 1490 16 MILE MARKERS Mile markers are used on some highways to indicate the number of miles from the point where the traffic route entered the state or from its beginning, if it does not extend to the state borders. The numbers start at zero in the western part of the state for east-west roadways and in the southern part of the state for north-south roadways. The numbers increase as you travel east or north and decrease as you travel west or south. For example, when you enter Pennsylvania from the west on Interstate I-80, the mile markers begin at Mile 1 and increase as you travel east. Knowing how to read mile markers can help you to know exactly where you are and give an approximate location, if you have to call for roadside assistance. 20 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual ROUTE MARKERS The following signs indicate the route on which you are traveling. The route marker shows you the road is U.S. Traffic Route 22. 22 39 The junction plate on this route marker shows you are approaching the intersection of U.S. Traffic Route 22. 22 WEST 22 WEST The supplemental arrow on this route marker assembly means you are approaching a right turn to continue on U.S. Traffic Route 22 West. JCT TO 22 22 The keystone marker shows you the road is Pennsylvania Traffic Route 39. The direction plate on this route marker shows you are traveling west on U.S. Traffic Route 22. The route marker sign and TO trailblazer sign and the supplemental arrow means if you want to gain access to U.S. Traffic Route 22, you must continue ahead. SERVICE SIGNS The following signs are examples of service signs. The signs are square or rectangular, are blue with white letters or symbols, and show the location of various services located at the next exit. D HOSPITAL TELEPHONE FOOD GAS DIESEL LODGING TOURIST-ORIENTED DIRECTIONAL SIGNS 3 Susquehanna Indian Museum GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 2 MILES 21 These signs are square or rectangular and may be blue or brown with white lettering. The signs direct motorists to tourist attractions such as museums, historical landmarks, or state or national parks. Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual PAVEMENT MARKINGS Most roads have permanent markings to show the center of the road, travel lanes or road edges. The markings that show the center of the road are solid or broken lines. These pavement markings also indicate special lane use. Yellow lines divide traffic traveling in opposite directions. Yellow lines are used to mark the center of two-lane roads, and to mark the left edge of divided highways, one-way streets and ramps. Solid white lines divide lanes of traffic traveling in the same direction. Solid white lines are also used to mark the right edge of the road. M M A double, solid yellow centerline shows the center of a twoway road. Even if it is not marked with a NO PASSING sign, passing by traffic traveling in either direction is not allowed on roads marked in this manner. The combination of a solid yellow and a broken yellow centerline also shows the center of a two-way roadway. You may pass if the broken line is on your side of the road and safe conditions exist, but you may not pass when a solid yellow line is on your side of the road. M A single, broken yellow centerline shows the center of a two-way, two-lane road. Passing is permitted on either side, if safe conditions exist. When passing, you must use the lane belonging to oncoming traffic. M As a general rule, broken traffic lines can be crossed and solid lines cannot, except when making a turn. Some examples of different pavement markings and their meanings follow: M M M M TURNING LANE ONLY MM MM MM MM Marking patterns like these may be found on many three-Iane or five-lane highways. The outside, solid yellow centerline means you cannot use the center lane for passing. The inside, broken yellow and solid yellow centerlines show vehicles traveling in either direction may use the center lane only to make left turns. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information about using center turn lanes safely. Multi-lane highways without medians (center dividers) are often marked as shown. Broken white lines show which lanes can be used by vehicles traveling the same way. You may cross the broken white lines to pass, (be sure the passing lane is clear) but you may not cross the double yellow centerlines to pass. Traffic is traveling in the opposite direction in the lane to the left of the yellow centerline. This pattern is used on most limited access highways with medians (center dividers). The right edge of the road is marked with a solid white line. The left edge of each side is marked by a solid yellow line. The traffic lanes for each side are marked by broken white lines, which may be crossed. Pavement markings also include words painted on the pavement and arrows that supplement messages posted on regulatory and warning signs. Examples include the words STOP AHEAD before an intersection with a STOP sign, YIELD or white triangles painted across the lane to indicate you must yield to approaching traffic, SCHOOL before a school zone, R X R before a railroad crossing, BIKE LANE for a lane reserved for bicyclists, ONLY with a left or right arrow to indicate the lane is reserved for turns only and large white arrows to indicate the direction of travel on oneway streets and highway off-ramps. 22 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual CHAPTER 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. WHEN YOU SEE THIS SIGN, YOU MUST: A. Stop completely, check for pedestrians, and cross traffic B. Slow down without coming to a complete stop C. Stop completely and wait for a green light D. Slow down and check for traffic 2. THIS IS THE SHAPE AND COLOR OF A __________ SIGN. A. Stop B. Wrong Way C. Yield D. Do not enter 3. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. Stop B. No U-Turn C. Yield D. Do not enter 4. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. No U-Turn B. No Turning C. No left turn D. No right turn 5. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. No U-Turn B. No left turn C. No right turn D. No turning 6. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. You must turn left or right B. You are approaching a T-intersection C. The road that you are on intersects with a divided highway D. Designates an overpass above a divided highway 7. YOU NEED TO USE EXTRA CAUTION WHEN DRIVING NEAR A PEDESTRIAN USING A WHITE CANE BECAUSE: A. He or she is deaf B. He or she has a mental disability C. He or she is blind D. He or she has a walking problem 8. WHEN DRIVING NEAR A BLIND PEDESTRIAN WHO IS CARRYING A WHITE CANE OR USING A GUIDE DOG, YOU SHOULD: A. Slow down and be prepared to stop B. Take the right-of-way C. Proceed normally D. Drive away quickly 23 DIVIDED HIGHWAY Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings 9. IF THERE ARE NO SIGNALS AT A RAILROAD CROSSING, YOU SHOULD: A. Slow down and prepare to stop if you see or hear a train approaching B. Proceed as quickly as possible over the tracks C. Proceed through the crossing at a normal rate D. Proceed slowly over the tracks 10. YOU MAY DRIVE AROUND THE GATES AT A RAILROAD CROSSING: A. When the train has passed B. Never C. When the lights have stopped flashing D. When other drivers drive around the gates 11. IF YOU SEE THIS SIGN ABOVE YOUR LANE, YOU: A. May not exit the freeway in this lane B. May continue through the interchange or exit the freeway in this lane C. May stay in this lane and continue through the interchange D. Must exit the freeway if you stay in this lane 12. HIGHWAY AND EXPRESSWAY GUIDE SIGNS ARE: A. Orange with black letters B. Green with white letters C. Yellow with black letters D. Red with white letters 13. THIS SIGN IS USED TO WARN DRIVERS ABOUT: A. Upcoming intersections B. Road construction C. Road curves ahead D. Changes in traffic lanes 14. THIS SIGN TELLS YOU THAT: A. No turns are allowed on this road B. The road narrows ahead C. There are a series of curves ahead D. The road may be slippery when wet 15. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. Left curve ahead B. Series of curves C. S curved ahead D. Slippery when wet 16. THIS SIGN INDICATES THAT: A. There is a steep hill ahead B. No trucks are allowed on the hill C. A logging road is ahead D. There are trucks on the hill 17. A YELLOW AND BLACK DIAMOND-SHAPED SIGN: A. Warns you about conditions on or near the road B. Helps direct you to cities and towns ahead C. Tells you about traffic laws and regulations D. Tells you about road construction ahead 24 PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual 18. THE SIGN WITH THIS SHAPE AND COLOR IS A _____________ SIGN. A. No passing zone B. Wrong way C. Railroad crossing D. Stop 19. WHICH OF THESE SIGNS IS USED TO SHOW THE END OF A DIVIDED HIGHWAY A. 2 1 2 3 LANE ENDS B. 4 MERGE C. 3 LEFT D. 1 20. THIS SIGN IS USED TO WARN DRIVERS ABOUT: A. Lane ends, merge left B. Road curves ahead C. Upcoming intersections D. Road construction 21. THIS SIGN SHOWS ONE TYPE OF: A. Intersection B. Road curve C. Right turn D. Lane change 22. THIS SIGN SHOWS ONE TYPE OF: A. Right turn B. Intersection C. Lane change D. Road curve 23. WHAT SHOULD YOU BE MOST CONCERNED ABOUT WHEN YOU SEE THIS SIGN A. Driving with your headlights out of alignment because one side of your car is higher than the other B. Damaging a tire, if you drift onto the shoulder C. Hydroplaning, if the shoulder has water on it D. Losing control of your vehicle, if you drift onto the shoulder, because of a drop off 24. WHAT A. B. C. D. IS THE MEANING OF THIS SIGN The traffic signal ahead is red The traffic signal ahead is broken The traffic signal ahead is green There is a traffic signal ahead 25. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. Divided highway ends B. One-way street begins C. One-way street ends D. Divided highway begins 26. FROM TOP TO BOTTOM, THE FOLLOWING IS THE PROPER ORDER FOR TRAFFIC LIGHTS: A. Red, yellow, green B. Red, green, yellow C. Green, red, yellow D. Green, yellow, red 25 4 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings 27. IF A GREEN ARROW TURNS INTO A GREEN LIGHT, YOU: A. May still turn but you must yield to oncoming traffic B. May no longer turn and must proceed straight C. Still have the right of way to turn D. No longer have to turn the way the arrow indicates 28. A STEADY YELLOW LIGHT AT AN INTERSECTION MEANS: A. Go B. Yield to other cars C. Slow down and prepare to stop D. Stop 29. A FLASHING YELLOW LIGHT MEANS THAT YOU SHOULD: A. Slow down and proceed with care B. Continue through if the way is clear C. Stop and proceed when a green light appears D. Stop and proceed when the way is clear 30. YOU MUST STOP WHEN YOU SEE A: A. Flashing red light B. Steady yellow light C. Yellow arrow D. Flashing yellow light 31. A STEADY GREEN LIGHT AT AN INTERSECTION MEANS THAT YOU: A. Must slow down and prepare to stop B. Must stop and check for oncoming traffic before proceeding C. May drive through the intersection if the road is clear D. May not turn right 32. A STEADY YELLOW LIGHT MEANS THAT A _______ LIGHT WILL SOON APPEAR. A. Flashing yellow B. Steady green C. Steady red D. Flashing red 33. YOU MAY CONTINUE CAREFULLY THROUGH A YELLOW LIGHT IF: A. There is an emergency vehicle crossing your lane B. There are no pedestrians crossing C. You are turning right D. You are within the intersection 34. YOU MAY TURN LEFT AT A RED LIGHT IF: A. There is no traffic coming in the opposite direction B. You are turning from a two-way street onto a one-way street C. You are turning from a one-way street onto another one-way street D. The car in front of you turns left 35. IF A TRAFFIC LIGHT IS BROKEN OR NOT FUNCTIONING YOU SHOULD: A Stop and wait for it to be repaired B Stop and wait for a police officer to arrive C. Continue as if it were a four-way stop sign D. Continue as you normally would 26 PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual 36. YOU MAY TURN RIGHT ON RED IF YOU: A. Stop first and check for traffic and pedestrians B. Have a right turn red arrow C. Are in the left lane D. Slow down first 37. WHEN A. B. C. D. MAKING A RIGHT TURN ON A GREEN LIGHT, YOU MUST: Maintain normal driving speed Stop and look for oncoming traffic Yield to pedestrians Increase your normal driving speed 38. THE SPEED LIMIT IS _______ MILES PER HOUR WHEN THE YELLOW LIGHTS ARE FLASHING ON THE SCHOOL ZONE SPEED SIGN. A. 25 B. 15 C. 20 D. 35 39. A FLASHING RED LIGHT AT A RAILROAD CROSSING MEANS: A. Stop, do not proceed until signals are completed B. Slow down and proceed if clear C. Proceed with caution D. You have the right-of-way ?   40. THIS GREEN ARROW ON A LANE USE CONTROL SIGNAL MEANS THAT: A. You may use this lane B. No traffic is allowed in this lane C. You have the right-of-way D. You must merge into this lane 41. THIS SIGN MEANS: A. Pedestrians ahead B. End of construction zone C. School crossing ahead D. Flagger ahead 42. THIS SIGN MEANS THAT: A. A community service group is picking up trash along the highway ahead B. Workers are on or very close to the road in the work zone ahead C. Children are at play ahead D. There is a pedestrian crosswalk ahead 43. WHEN AN ARROW PANEL IN A WORK ZONE SHOWS EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING PATTERNS, IT MEANS: A. The bulbs on the sign are burned out B. Drive with caution C. Changes lanes immediately D. Tune your radio to a station that gives traffic updates 44. THE CENTER LANE IN THE ILLUSTRATION IS USED FOR: A. Regular travel B. Left turns only C. Passing only D. Emergency vehicles only 27 ROAD WORK AHEAD Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual 45. YOU MAY PASS IF THE LINE DIVIDING TWO LANES IS A ___________ LINE. A. Broken white B. Double solid yellow C. Solid yellow D. Solid white 46. LANES OF TRAFFIC MOVING IN THE SAME DIRECTION ARE DIVIDED BY ____ LINES. A. Yellow B. White C. Red D. Black 47. YOU MAY NOT PASS ANOTHER CAR ON EITHER SIDE OF A _______ CENTERLINE. A. Combination solid and broken yellow B. Single broken yellow C. Double solid yellow D. Single broken white 48. YOU MAY CROSS SOLID YELLOW LINES: A. To pass traffic moving in the same direction B. During daylight hours only C. At any time D. When making turns 49. THE ROAD EDGE ON THE RIGHT SIDE IS MARKED BY A ___________ LINE. A. Broken white B. Solid yellow C. Solid white D. Broken yellow audio 50. LANES OF TRAFFIC MOVING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION ARE DIVIDED BY ____ LINES. A. White B. Red C. Black D. Yellow 51. WHEN YOU SEE THIS BLACK AND YELLOW SIGN, IT MEANS: A. The road to the right is for one-way traffic only B. Detour to the right because of road construction C. Slow down because the road ahead changes direction at an extreme angle D. There is a cross road ahead on your right 52. WHEN YOU SEE THIS SIGN, IT MEANS: A. There is an object on the roadway B. Traffic is coming from the right C. The road is curving sharply to the left D. There is a merge point ahead 53. AT AN INTERSECTION CONTROLLED BY A STOP SIGN, IF YOU CANâ„ ¢T GET A GOOD VIEW OF CROSS-STREET TRAFFIC WHEN YOU STOP BEHIND THE WHITE STOP BAR PAINTED ON THE PAVEMENT, YOU SHOULD: A. Wait 5 seconds, then proceed. B. Sound your horn before proceeding C. Put down your windows, listen for traffic, and then proceed D. Pull forward slowly, check for traffic and pedestrians, and proceed when clear 28 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual 54. THE POSTED SPEED LIMITS SHOW: A. The minimum legal speed limit B. The exact speed at which you must travel to avoid a ticket C. The maximum safe speed under ideal road and weather conditions D. The maximum safe speed under all road conditions 55. A HIGHWAY WITH TWO-WAY TRAFFIC IS MARKED BY WHICH OF THESE SIGNS A. 1 1 2 3 LANE ENDS B. 2 MERGE C. 3 LEFT D. 4 56. FROM A. B. C. D. 4 THE CENTER LANE, WHAT MANEUVERS CAN YOU PERFORM Make left turns Make U-turns Pass slower-moving traffic All of the above 57. WHICH OF THESE SIGNS MEANS THAT DRIVERS SHOULD KEEP TO THE RIGHT A. 2 1 2 3 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4 29 4 Chapter 2 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings PA Driverâ„ ¢s Manual CHAPTER 2 ANSWER KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. A C D A C C C A A B D B C C D A A A A 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. A A B D D D A A C A A C C D C C A C B 30 A A D B B B A B C D C D C C D C C A A